Showing posts with label Marte. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Marte. Show all posts


Good morning, Mars
Digital work

A Martian day lasts almost identical to that of a day on Earth: 24.5 hours. The sun rises from the east and sets in the west, as on our planet. But there is a big difference: on Mars the sunrises and sunsets are blue.
On Earth the molecules of the gases in the atmosphere scatter the blue light, this phenomenon is called Rayleigh Scattering. At sunrise and sunset direct sunlight crosses the maximum atmospheric thickness and reaches us so impoverished in short wavelengths that we see the solar disk and the nearby sky red or orange. But most of our sky stays blue all day long.
On Mars things are a little different. Its atmosphere has only 1% of the Earth's atmosphere density and the amount of Rayleigh scattering is much less. The daytime sky of Mars would be rather black, like that on the Moon. But Martian dust forms an aerosol that disperses long wavelengths by Mie scattering, because dust particles are much larger than gas molecules, and absorbs blue light. This is why the Martian sky during most of the day is yellowish or reddish brown. Part of the blue light is also scattered, but at very slight angles. Therefore the blue light is deflected less than longer wavelengths.  At sunrise and sunset, when the Sun is seen through the maximum thickness of the dusty Martian atmosphere, the amount of Mie scattering is amplified and this gives Mars a brief blue moment, a beautiful aureole of scattered blue light surrounding the solar disk.


Buenos días, Marte. Obra digital. 
Un día marciano tiene una duración casi idéntica a la de un día en la Tierra: 24,5 horas. El sol sale por el este y se pone por el oeste, como en nuestro planeta. Pero hay una gran diferencia: en Marte los amaneceres y atardeceres son azules.
En la Tierra las moléculas de los gases de la atmósfera dispersan la luz azul, fenómeno denominado Dispersión de Rayleigh. En los amaneceres y atardeceres la luz solar directa atraviesa el máximo grosor atmosférico y llega hasta nosotros tan empobrecida en longitudes de onda corta que vemos el disco solar y el cielo próximo de color rojo o anaranjado. Pero la mayor parte de nuestro cielo se mantiene azul durante todo el día.
En Marte las cosas son un poco distintas. Su atmósfera tiene sólo el 1% de la densidad de la atmósfera terrestre y el efecto debido a la dispersión de Rayleigh es mucho menor. El cielo diurno de Marte bien podría ser negro como el de la Luna. Pero el polvo marciano en suspensión, que se encuentra en grandes cantidades formando un aerosol, dispersa las longitudes de onda larga siguiendo el modelo de la Difusión de Mie, al tener las partículas de polvo un tamaño mucho mayor que las moléculas de los gases, y a su vez absorbe la luz azul. Este es el motivo por el que el cielo de Marte es marrón rojizo o amarillento durante la mayor parte del día. Parte de la luz azul es dispersada también, pero en un ángulo muy pequeño, lo que hace que sea desviada mucho menos del haz de luz incidente.  En el amanecer y el atardecer, cuando el Sol es visto a través del máximo grosor de la polvorienta atmósfera marciana,  el efecto de la difusión de Mie se ve amplificado y esto regala a Marte un breve momento azul, una hermosa aureola de luz azul dispersada alrededor del disco solar.






Dust storm on Mars
Digital work


Mars has intense dust storms, which sometimes kick up enough dust to be seen by telescopes on Earth. Every year there are some moderately big dust storms that pop up on Mars and they cover continent-sized areas and last for weeks. Once every three Mars years (about 5.5 Earth years), on average, normal storms grow into planet-encircling dust storms, called "global dust storms".
It is unlikely that even these dust storms could strand an astronaut on Mars, however. Even the wind in the largest storms likely could not tip or rip apart major mechanical equipment. The winds in the strongest Martian storms top out at about 100 km (60 miles) per hour, less than half the speed of some hurricane-force winds on Earth. But the atmosphere of Mars is only about 1% as dense as Earth's atmosphere. That means to fly a kite on Mars, the wind would need to blow much faster than on Earth to get the kite in the air.






And Mars got its ring...
Digital work


This is my personal view of the future Martian ring. This image would fit well on a dusty dawn at a latitude of about 20ºN during a Martian equinox.
Phobos is moving closer to Mars every year, meaning the planet's gravitional pull on the satellite is increasing. Some scientists have theorized that Phobos will eventually collide with Mars, but the new research suggests that the small moon may not last that long. After simulating the stresses caused by the tidal pull of Mars some researchers have found that the moon would break up over the course of 20 million to 40 million years, forming a ring of debris around the planet. WOW!








And Mars got its ring... (2)
Digital work
 
 
The same place during midnight. The shadow of Mars projected onto the ring.
 








Earth as seen from Mars
Digital work


Based on the images taken by Mars Curiosity Rover on January 31, 2014. From Mars our planet is a bright morning or evening "star", it appears in the west after sunset or in the east before dawn. Very similar to Venus in our sky with a magnitude of -2,5.



La Tierra vista desde Marte. Obra digital.
Ilustración inspirada en las imágenes tomadas por el Mars Curiosity Rover el 31 de enero de 2014. Desde Marte nuestro planeta es como una brillante estrella del crepúsculo matutino o vespertino, aparece en el oeste tras la puesta de Sol o en el este antes del amanecer. Muy similar a Venus en nuestro cielo, con una magnitud de -2,5.








Mars as seen from Phobos
Digital work


Separated by a short distance of 9,380 kilometers, from Phobos Mars is immense. The angular size of 40º is 80 times our Moon as seen from Earth.



Marte visto desde Fobos. Obra digital.
Separados por la corta distancia de 9.380 kilómetros, desde Fobos Marte se ve inmenso. Con un tamaño angular de 40º es 80 veces nuestra Luna vista desde la Tierra.








Phobos and Deimos in the sky of Mars
Digital work

Phobos moves very quickly in the sky of Mars. From its dawn in the west to its setting in the east, the satellite crosses the Martian sky in only 4 hours and 15 minutes. The angular size is about 0.20 °, one-third the size of the Moon in our sky. Deimos is visible with a size of 2.5 arcminutes, similar to Venus seen from Earth.









Cold sunset on Mars
Digital work
 
Inspired by the images taken by NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit on May 19, 2005.

 





 
Early morning fog in Noctis Labyrinthus, Mars
Acrylic, oil pastel and wax crayon.
120 x 60 cm (47.2 x 23.6 in)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A Martian Devil
Digital work
 
 
Martian dust devils can be up to fifty times as wide and ten times as high as terrestrials dust devils.