Jupiter as seen from Ganymede

Digital work

Brotherhood of moons

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Jupiter, Europa, Io and Callisto seen from the icy surface of Ganymede. 

Hermandad de lunas. Obra digital.

Júpiter, Europa, Io y Calisto vistos desde la helada superficie de Ganimedes.

A serene night on Europa

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The Sun is situated below the horizon and the only sources of light that illuminate the smooth and white surface of Europa at this time are Jupiter and Io. The light appears to be somewhat bluish to the human eye, as it happens here on Earth with the moonlight, due to the Purkinje effect: When the luminance level is reduced, our vision changes progressively from photopic (cone cells, full color) to mesopic and finally scotopic (rod cells, black and white) and the last colors we perceive are those of short wavelength. The surface of Europa is very reflective. It has an albedo of 0.64, one of the highest in the Solar System.


Una noche serena en Europa. Obra digital.
El Sol está situado por debajo del horizonte y las únicas fuentes de luz que iluminan ahora la suave y blanca superficie de Europa son Júpiter e Io. La tenue luz del paisaje aparenta ser un tanto azulada al ojo humano, tal y como sucede aquí en la Tierra con la luz de la Luna. Es debido al efecto Purkinje: Cuando el nivel de luminancia disminuye nuestro modo de visión pasa progresivamente de fotópico (visión a todo color por conos) a mesópico y finalmente escotópico (visión por bastoncillos en blanco y negro). Los últimos colores que percibimos son los de longitud de onda corta.
La superficie de Europa es muy reflectante. Tiene un albedo de 0.64, uno de los más altos del Sistema Solar.

Jupiter and erupting Io in the sky of Europa

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The angular diameter of Io in the sky of Europa is from 11 to 49 arcminutes, so it will appear to be about the same size as the Moon in our sky. Jupiter is at least 17 times larger.

Callisto

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The ancient surface of Callisto is one of the most heavily cratered in the Solar System. A surface made of cratered plains, light plains, bright and dark smooth plains... a contrast of darkness and brightness. Callisto also hides a treasure: A salty ocean 50-200 km deep beneath its surface. Callisto's surface has an averige albedo of about 20%, but small patches of pure water ice, water frost deposits, with an albedo as high as 80% are found on the surface, surrounded by much darker areas. They are located on elevated surface features as crater rims, scarps and ridges.

In the sky, Jupiter with a size of 4º, eight times our Moon seen from Earth. Here it is accompanied by one of its inner moons, Europa.

Lava flows and sulfur fields, Io

Digital work

 

 

Flying in the skies of Jupiter

Digital work